A PROTOCOL PRIMER: THE QUEEN & PRESIDENT TRUMP's UK STATE VISIT - 2019 All You Need To Know

1. The Queen & 12 US Presidents
2. State Visits in The Queen's Reign
3. The State Visit of President Trump

a) Presidential Protocol Gaffes:
     * To Bow or Not to Bow? 
     * Toasts 
b) Why won't President Trump:
     * stay at Buckingham Palace?
     * address Parliament?
     * receive the Household Cavalry's Sovereign's Escort?

e) Westminster Abbey Wreath Laying - US Connections

f)  State Banquet

THE QUEEN & 12 US PRESIDENTS 

 

HM The Queen with Presidents Kennedy, Ford, Reagan and Obama

Including President Trump, HM The Queen has met 12 of the last 13 American presidents, beginning with President Harry Truman, whom the then Princess Elizabeth met in 1951.

President Truman & Princess Elizabeth (later HM The Queen)

 The missing president? Lyndon Johnson – a shame perhaps given their shared love of dogs. That being said, The Queen might not have approved of the late president's habit of lifting his beagles’ by their ears.

The first president The Queen met in her capacity as Sovereign was President Eisenhower in 1957. During this visit to North America, The Queen wore two metaphorical crowns, acting separately as Queen of the United Kingdom and Queen of Canada.

HM The Queen of Canada & President Eisenhower

As Queen of Canada, and in advance of opening Canada's St. Lawrence Seaway, Queen Elizabeth II hosted a reception for President Eisenhower in the Canadian embassy in Washington D.C. stating: “I’m going home to Canada tomorrow”. 

Whilst many US presidents have visited the UK, only two received a state visit prior to President Trump, and these were his immediate predecessors: President Obama in 2011 and President George W. Bush in 2003.

HM The Queen & HRH The Duke of Edinburgh
with President & Mrs. George W. Bush

STATE VISITS TO THE UK

The first state visit of The Queen's reign:
Receiving HM King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden

Starting with TM King Gustav VI Adolf and Queen Louise of Sweden in 1954, The Queen has hosted 113 state visits during her 67 year reign.  Due to the amount of work involved, No. 10 & the Palace try to restrict the number of visits to two per year.

But there are many exceptions to this rule: there were 3 state visits in 1960, 1963, 1966, 1972, 1973, 1985, 1988 and 1998.  Only 1 state visit was held in 1955, 1956, 1964, 1965, 1980, 1983, 1992, 2006, 2008, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019.  

No state visits at all were held in 1952 (Accession), 1953 (Coronation), 1957, 1961, 1968, 1970, 1977 (Silver Jubilee), 2002 (Golden Jubilee)

State Banquet at St. George's Hall in Windsor Castle

The “royal” portion of a state visit can incorporate either London (as on this occasion) or Windsor Castle (as with President Lech Walesa of Poland's state visit in 1991).Whilst not quite a state visit, the official visit of HH Pope Benedict XVI was similar to a state visit and was held at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh, with the little known Royal Company of Archers replacing the more familiar red-coated guards seen in London and Windsor.

HM The Queen & HH The Pope (now Pope Emeritus) Benedict XVI
at the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh

PRESIDENTIAL PROTOCOL GAFFES: 

To Bow or Not To Bow?

No one should expect the President of the United States to bow to HM The Queen. Nor should the First Lady be expected to curtsey (unless she wishes -- Nancy Reagan chose to do this but was under no obligation).

A Head of State is the equal of every other Head of State and so for one to bow to another is contrary to correct form.

In bizarre breaches of protocol President Obama performed deep bows before the previous Emperor of Japan and the King of Saudi Arabia.

President Obama bows upon meeting TIH The Emperor & Empress of Japan

No one appears certain why President Obama chose to do this -- particularly given he never showed similar deference to either Queen Elizabeth II or the late King Rama IX of Thailand, at the time respectively the world’s second longest and longest-reigning monarchs. 


Of Toasts & Anthems

Given their excellent advisors, it's unlikely one president will repeat the gaffe of his predecessor -- and so I very much doubt President Trump will replicate one of the most embarrassing of all state visit gaffes.

In a very awkward moment during the state banquet at Buckingham Palace played live on television, President Obama forgot that the final words of the official toast must always be "The Queen" and nothing else.

One never speaks after those two words as they are the cue for the band to play the British national anthem. Alas, after a brief pause, he continued speaking -- the anthem seemingly becoming background music for his oration.

Alas, the cringe did not end there -- for the President's choice of quotation fell foul of another area of diplomatic etiquette as it made explicit reference to England...alone.

Not something likely to impress the residents of the 3 other parts of the United Kingdom: Scotland, Wales & Northern Ireland.
ARRIVAL

US Presidents travel and transport arrangements are always controlled in house whatever the occasion (save when an elderly Duke of Edinburgh offers to drive -- as he did not that long ago durin a previous presidential visit. Perhaps not this time).

Consequently, having touched down at Stansted Airport on Air Force One, the President will continue to Buckingham Palace aboard  the presidential chopper, Marine One.

NOTE: The annual cost of Air Force One is said to exceed the entire annual cost of the British Monarchy!

Landing on the palace's West Lawn ,the pomp and pageantry shall commence with the official greeting, playing of the National Anthem and inspection of the guard of honour.

This is also the point at which a double whammy of gun salutes shall be fired:

1 x State Visit Gun Salute for President Trump +
1 x Anniversary of The Queen's Coronation Gun Salute*

*Salutes are not performed on Sundays.Each gun salute is performed at both Green Park (King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery) & The Tower of London (Honourable Artillery Company). A grand total of 4 gun salutes.

ACCOMMODATION

 

Visitors usually stay at either Buckingham Palace or Windsor Castle, but due to long-planned renovations at Buckingham Palace, the President and his family will be staying at Winfield House, the Official Residence of the US Ambassador.

Winfield House: Official Residence of the U.S. Ambassador
Second Largest Garden in London: Ideal for Marine One

Logistically, the American ambassador's residence in Regent's Park works well as it is a secure compound boasting London's second-largest garden after that of Buckingham Palace itself. This setting shall enable the presidential helicopter (Marine One) to land and take off with almost as much ease as at Buckingham Palace.
For the curious: the garden at Buckingham Palace is 39 acres (15.8 ha) and at Winfield House 12.5 acres (4.9 ha). London's third largest garden belongs to the Archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth Palace. Its 3.65 hectares (9 acres) are all that remain of the much larger medieval garden of 8 hectares. 


ADDRESS TO PARLIAMENT

President Obama addresses Parliament in Westminster Hall, the most ancient part of the Houses of Parliament

Following the partisan grand-standing of John Bercow, Speaker of the House of Commons, it appears that President Trump shall not address Parliament during his state visit.

I should mention that there is no need to secure the permission of the Speaker for a dignitary to address Parliament. 

The Speaker can block access to Westminster Hall -- site of the address by President Obama -- but there is no obligation to hold such an event there.

The Speaker of the House of Lords can hold the event in Parliament's Royal Gallery instead -- indeed, this served as the venue for speeches by Presidents Reagan and Clinton.

Lord Fowler, the current Lord Speaker, as none of John Bercow's personal campaigns of partisanship to wage. The King of Spain spoke in the Royal Gallery and indeed Bercow warmly applauded and shook hands with the current President of China during his address to Parliament in the Royal Gallery.

If anything, inviting President Obama to speak in Westminster Hall was an anomaly. That is a singular honour traditionally reserved for far more significant events than one of the 2 annual state visits. The Royal Gallery is the more appropriate venue for normal state visits.

The President of China spoke in the Royal Gallery rather than Westminster Hall

 
CEREMONIAL PROCESSION

 
The traditional Sovereign's Escort carriage ride through the ceremonial streets of Westminster with the Household Cavalry will not take place on this occasion due to security concerns

Consequently the traditional inspection of the guard will take place in the garden of Buckingham Palace rather than on Horse Guards Parade (the site of Trooping the Colour later this month -- the Queen’s official birthday celebration ).

WESTMINSTER ABBEY

 
Following lunch with The Queen at Buckingham Palace and a meeting with the Prince of Wales in his official residence, Clarence Hosue, The President and Mrs. Trump shall visit Westminster Abbey.  

President of Colombia lays a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior in Westminster Abbey

 Here the traditional state visit protocol returns, as President Trump will lay a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior -- the first in the world, being a British concept.

US Medal of Honor bestowed upon the Unknown Warrior
at Westminster Abbey

I am sure President Trump will have a chance to see the nearby Congressional Medal of Honor, the United States' highest award for valour, which was bestowed on the Unknown Warrior and was presented by US General John Pershing on 17 October 1921.

 On 11 November 1921, the American Unknown Soldier was reciprocally awarded the Victoria Cross.

President and Mrs. Trump might also have an opportunity to see the Flag of the United States in the Battle of Britain Memorial Window (along with the flags of other allied nations) and note the name of the American pilot recorded with the British, Commonwealth, Polish and other allied pilots in the Roll of Honour.

In 2009 I was pleased to have been invited to the unveiling of the west window of Henry VII's Lady Chapel (the most beautiful room in Britain in my opinion). The Memorial Window honours a notable American philanthropist, Sir John Templeton, founder of The Templeton Prize for Progress in Religigion (the world's most valuable prize -- in monetary terms). Sir John was born in Tennessee and educated at Yale. Perhaps the President & First Lady shall see this, too.

 

STATE BANQUET AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE

The“jewel in the crown” of President Trump's state visit will be tonight’s state banquet at Buckingham Palace, a lavish affair for which the dress code is evening dress / white tie & decorations (& tiaras). This can be rather intimidating, but The Queen and the Royal Family are masters at putting people at ease.

State Banquet at Buckingham Palace

Decorations:
Normally The Queen would be expected to wear the highest decoration she has received from the visiting head of state's  nation. HM wore the grand cross of the Order of the White Eagle when the President of Poland visited, for example. 

HM The Queen & HRH The Prince of Wales wear their Dutch insignia whilst
HM The King of the Netherlands wears his insignia as a Knight of the Garter

President Eisenhower wears the insignia of the British "Order of Merit"

However the United States does not have a comparable honours system and so HM shall wear The insignia of the Order of the Garter.  However any American who has received an honour can wear this (usually one of the grades of the Order of the British Empire or the Order of the Bath).

Presidents Eisenhower, Reagan and Bush Jr. all received honorary knighthoods as Knights Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath. Were President Bush in attendance as a guest he would have been able to wear his broad sash and insignia of the Bath.  

2016 - My Year in Review - Monarchy, Brexit, Protocol & Trump

Apologies, dear readers, for neglecting my blog for most of 2016. The year now departing has been exceedingly busy; and, despite best intentions, my attempts to regularly maintain this blog were repeatedly thwarted.

This post is intended to provide the briefest summary of some of the more interesting highlights and media appearances of my past year, including The Queen's 90th Birthday, the Brexit referendum and the Trump presidential campaign.

I have selected one event for each month of 2016, followed by a random selection of other activities that readers may (hopefully!) find interesting, entertaining or amusing.


January

Lecturing at The Ritz hotel, London

I delivered a lecture to the new debutantes at The Ritz hotel about the Monarchy and the House of Lords, royal protocol and how to address the different ranks of the peerage. The phenomenon of debutantes is spreading globally, with debutante balls now held annually in North America and Asia. This lecture formed part of the debutantes year of training before "coming out" at the modern revival of The Queen Charlotte's Ball organised by the London Season.

February

With Michael Wood and Rebecca Dobbs as they receive their award for their landmark BBC TV series "The Story of China"

My business partner and I were pleased to become Official Partners for The Hurun Report's Chinese New Year Dinner, held at London's Mayfair Hotel.

I was pleased to be joined by our guests of honour, the celebrated historian and broadcaster Michael Wood and his wife Rebecca Dobbs (both pictured above). My partner and I had nominated them to receive "The Award for Outstanding Contribution to UK-China Relations, 2016" for their landmark BBC TV series "The Story of China".

The Hurun Report (China's equivalent of Forbes Magazine) is publisher of the 17th annual Hurun Report Rich List and Hurun Report Art List.


March

Country Life magazine illustration for their article on RTs (Red Trousers)

In March I was interviewed for Country Life Magazine for an excellent article by Flora Watkins about the history and symbolism of that most divisive item of gentlemens’ clothing: red trousers (a.k.a "RTs").  The Country Life article may be read at this LINK.

In a politically heavy year, this "comic relief" story was picked up by the BBC, Daily Telegraph etc. and within a week had become something of a viral phenomenon. I also appeared in a Mashable article on the subject, which may be read HERE


April

The Queen reached her 90th birthday on 21st April – and I was delighted to be at Windsor Castle and also in London providing live coverage for both the BBC and CBC.


May

Arrival of HRH The Princess Royal at the Royal Windsor Horse Show
(Note the two Mounties either side of HRH)

Having been interviewed in the Official Programme for the Royal Windsor Horse Show's 90th Birthday Celebration for The Queen, I was delighted to be invited to attend a gala evening at the show.

The Royal Windsor Horse Show brought together the finest equestrian traditions and representatives from the Commonwealth and around the world. A truly special occasion. I was particularly pleased by the presence of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and their famed Musical Ride (performed to the accompaniment of “The Maple Leaf Forever”).

My amateurish phone video of the arrival of HRH The Princess Royal may be seen here:

June

Brexit Debate - 23 June 2016
L to R: Stanley Johnson, Lord Liddle, The Moderator, Sir Bill Cash and Me

I appeared in various media outlets over the summer to discuss the merits of Brexit. Amongst my appearances, I was pleased to take part in what may have been the very last debate of the campaign. 

On the evening of 23 June, a couple of hours before the polling stations closed, I appeared on France 24 TV’s international channel to debate the merits of Brexit with the long-standing Eurosceptic Sir Bill Cash MP. Our opponents were Stanley Johnson (father of the current Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson) and Lord Liddle (former special adviser to Prime Minister Tony Blair). 

July

 I was a panellist for “Brexit: Where Do We Go From Here?”. Created by the “Invoke Democracy Now’” organisation, the panel was composed of pro-Leave speakers representing a broad church of Brexiteers from across the political, cultural and social spectrum.

Other panelists included Claire Fox of the Institute of Ideas and Brendan O'Neill, editor of Spiked Online. We spoke to a packed house in London's "Rich Mix" venue.

August
Following the announcement that the Emperor of Japan would abdicate at some point, I appeared in Japanese media to discuss the tradition of abdication around the world.

September 

I delivered a lecture on Royal and Aristocratic Protocol to a delegation of distinguished Americans. The event was held at London’s historic Polish Hearth Club.

October 

 

I appeared on BBC World TV to discuss the importance of diplomatic protocol and cultivating a positive public image. This was in connection with a news story about the controversial President of the Phillipines and his plain-speaking manner.

November 

Emirates Tower, Dubai: With the Executive of the Young Presidents' Organisation (Levant Chapter)

 

I was pleased to travel to Dubai to lecture to the Young President’s Organisation on Cultural Intelligence in International Business. The lecture took place at the Emirates Towers – coincidentally, the event took place 3 years to the week since I last spoke in that venue.

December 

2016 inductees to the College of Fellows of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society

 

I was honoured to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society. 

Other Fellows of 2016 include The Chief Justice of Canada (Hon. Beverley McLachlin), Usher of the Black Rod of the Senate of Canada (Greg Peters), HE The Danish Ambassador to Canada, BBC TV Presenter & Historian Dan Snow, Senator Don Plett, Senator Vernon White, Dr. Susan Eaton (one of Canada's greatest female explorers) and Dr. Daniel Lebel (Director General of the Geological Survey of Canada).


Amongst other esoteric highlights of 2016:

* 7 June was a noteworthy day for me as I broke all my previous media records: in 4.5 hours I completed 22 radio interviews (both live and recorded).

* Can one buy a title? I appeared in Politico magazine to discuss the disreputable trade in the sale of bogus aristocratic and other titles of nobility. The article may be read at this LINK

* What is the husband of a Duke called? I appeared in Canada’s National Post newspaper to discuss the issue of courtesy titles for the spouses of titled women and of titled gay men. The article may be read at this LINK

* I appeared on BBC's Daily Politics programme to discuss Donald Trump's coat of arms and their authenticity as personal arms (below).

* I travelled to Romania for the first time and was delighted to visit Paul-Philippe (grandson of King Carol II of Romania) and Leia Hohenzollern a.k.a. TRH Prince Paul and Princess Leia of Romania at their home in Bucharest (pictured below, in front of a portrait of King Carol II). Although a nephew of King Michael of Romania and therefore not recognised as head of the Royal House, PP is in fact the senior genealogical descendant of King Carol II.

I attended the premiere of “Brexit: The Movie” at Leicester Square Odeon (below). The film was a crowd-funded documentary advocating for Brexit, and the premiere attracted an impressive Who’s Who of prominent Leavers (see below). 

In early June I was pleased to receive a VIP delegation from China and hosted events for them at institutions including the Houses of Parliament, Royal Ascot, Guards Polo Club and Lancaster House -- as well as a weekend at one of England's finest private stately homes.

Royal Ascot

Royal Ascot

Queen's Cup Final - Cartier Polo: Guards Polo Club

Shooting at one of England's finest privately owned stately homes

I send my best wishes to one and all for a happy, healthy and successful 2017.

*A London Peculiar* featured in *Tydzien Polski*, Britain's oldest Polish-language newspaper

 A very nice article about my book A London Peculiar: The London You Shouldn't Miss was published in this week's issue of Tydzien Polski.

Founded in the 1950s, Tydzien Polski is the oldest Polish-language newspaper in the United Kingdom.

The featured photograph shows me standing in front of  a section of "London", the largest map ever produced in Georgian Britain (1799).

Britain's Oldest Manufacturing Company To Close - Whitechapel Bell Foundry (Est. 1570)

After almost 250 years, The Whitechapel Bell Foundry (Est. 1570) is to leave this historic building
-- the company's future is uncertain

Does any city have a sound more instantly recognisable than the toll of Big Ben?  The mighty bell’s unmistakable hourly peal and the familiar Westminster Chime of its sister bells ("All through this hour; Lord, be my guide; And by Thy power; No foot shall slide") are famous throughout the world, immediately conjuring up evocative images of a foggy day in old London town. 

Bells have echoed through London’s soundscape for centuries.

When London was a walled city, church bells rang out the curfew every evening to signal the locking of the city gates. Traditionally, true cockneys are said to be born within earshot of “Bow Bells” (the bells of the church of St. Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside), and generations of children have grown up singing “Oranges and Lemons say the bells of St. Clements”, a nursery rhyme identifying the bells of various City churches.
Since 1570 many of London’s most important bells have been produced by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, the oldest manufacturing company in Britain and the most famous bell manufacturer in the world.

In 1752 America’s famous Liberty Bell was struck here and just over a century later, in 1858, the Foundry cast Big Ben, its most famous bell. Visitors to the Whitechapel premises walk through a cross section of Big Ben upon entering the front door. 

A Cross Section of Big Ben around the entrance to the Whitechapel Bell Foundry

Over the centuries, the bells of the Whitechapel Foundry have rung out over cities as far afield as imperial St. Petersburg, Chennai, Washington DC and Toronto.

Alas, I am sad to announce that despite this magnificent history, after over two centuries in the same ancient building, this great London institution is to extinguish its Whitechapel furnace and close its doors forever in May 2017. The building is likely to be sold. What will become of the almost 450 year old company remains to be seen.

The Foundry is currently located on Whitechapel Road in 17^th century buildings constructed shortly after the Great Fire of London.  The Grade II listed heritage buildings were originally part of a coaching inn named the Artichoke before their conversion into bell-making workshops by the Master Founder of Whitechapel in 1739. 

The historic premises, frozen in time, should not give the impression that the Foundry has rested upon past glories. Through the 21st century the company has continued to manufacture and assemble a wide variety of bells and accessories of assorted shapes and sizes.

Given the Foundry’s long association with London, it was fitting that it was commissioned to design the special Olympic Bell that rang out at the opening ceremony of London’s 2012 Olympic Games, connecting the reign of Queen Elizabeth II with that of Queen Elizabeth I over 400 years earlier.

The Olympic Bell is the biggest in Europe and the largest harmonically-tuned bell in the world. 

The Olympic Bell is the biggest in Europe and the largest harmonically-tuned bell in the world. 

Also in 2012, the Foundry cast the bells used in the lead barge at The Queen’s Diamond Jubilee river pageant, and which now hang at the City church of St. James Garlickhythe.

The Queen visits the Whitechapel Bell Foundry

Speaking of the decision to close the Whitechapel Foundry, owner Alan Hughes (Master Bellfounder since 1972) said:

“We have made this decision with a heavy heart, but in response to the changing realities of running a business of this kind. The Bell Foundry in Whitechapel has changed hands many times, but it has always been a family business. My own family has owned the foundry since 1904, but other families have run the firm through its history, which stretches back to 1570. The business has been at its present site over two hundred and fifty years. So it is probably about time it moved once again. We hope that this move will provide an opportunity for the business to move forward in a new direction.” Alan & Kathryn Hughes

Press Statement:

"1st December 2016

Whitechapel Bell Foundry Ltd announces, with regret, that by May 2017 it will cease its activities at the Whitechapel Road site that it has occupied since its move there in 1738.

The company intends to complete work on all projects presently in hand during the coming months. It will not be entering into new contracts for the time being whilst discussions with the company's staff and other interested parties regarding the future direction, ownership, and location of the company are ongoing."

We can only hope that this cherished London institution, the oldest manufacturing company in the land, will continue to exist in another form on another site.

The Whitechapel Bell Foundry is simply too important to Britain's national heritage to close forever.

The Whitechapel Bell Foundry, 32/35 Whitechapel Road, London, E1 1DY

W: www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk